The Upper Mustang Trek is a journey into one of Nepal’s most remote and culturally preserved regions, often referred to as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom.” Hidden behind the majestic Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges, Upper Mustang lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, offering a stark and mystical desert landscape unlike any other in Nepal. With ancient cave monasteries, intricately carved chortens, and fortified villages, the region retains its centuries-old Tibetan Buddhist traditions and architecture.
This 16-day trek takes you through the windswept Kali Gandaki Valley to the walled city of Lo Manthang, the capital of the former Kingdom of Mustang. The route passes through high-altitude plateaus, deep gorges, and red-rock cliffs while providing stunning views of snow-capped peaks. Culturally rich and geographically striking, the Upper Mustang Trek is ideal for trekkers seeking an immersive Himalayan experience filled with history, spirituality, and natural wonder.
The Upper Mustang Trek begins with your arrival in Kathmandu, followed by a scenic flight or drive to the lakeside city of Pokhara. From there, a short flight to Jomsom marks the beginning of the trek, starting with a gradual walk to Kagbeni, the official gateway to Upper Mustang. The trail then ascends through the Kali Gandaki Valley, passing through Chele, Shyangbochen, and Tsarang, each offering unique landscapes, monasteries, and traditional Tibetan-influenced villages.
The highlight of the journey is reaching Lo Manthang, the ancient walled capital of Mustang, where you’ll spend time exploring ancient gompas, palaces, and surrounding cave settlements like Niphu and Garphu. The return route takes a different scenic path via Dhakmar, Ghar Gumba, Ghiling, and Samar, offering new views and spiritual experiences before ending the trek at Jomsom. The adventure concludes with a flight back to Pokhara and then Kathmandu, leaving trekkers with unforgettable memories of Mustang’s mystique and beauty.
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Q: What is the Upper Mustang Trek?
A: The Upper Mustang Trek is a 16-day journey into the formerly restricted kingdom of Lo in northwestern Nepal. It offers a rare opportunity to explore Tibetan-influenced villages, ancient monasteries, and the iconic walled city of Lo Manthang, all set in a unique desert-like Himalayan landscape.
Q: Is a permit required for the Upper Mustang Trek?
A: Yes. Trekkers need a Restricted Area Permit (USD 500 for 10 days) and an Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP). The trek must be organized through a registered trekking agency such as Nepal Treks and Tour with a licensed guide and a minimum of two participants.
Q: What is the best time to do the Upper Mustang Trek?
A: The best times are spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). However, since Upper Mustang lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, the monsoon months (June to August) are also ideal, offering clear skies and vibrant landscapes.
Q: How difficult is the Upper Mustang Trek?
A: It is a moderate trek, suitable for trekkers with decent physical fitness. Daily walks range from 5 to 8 hours, and the trail reaches altitudes up to 4,000 meters. Proper acclimatization and pacing are essential.
Q: What kind of accommodation is available during the trek?
A: The trek offers teahouse accommodation with basic but comfortable lodging. Rooms are usually on a twin-sharing basis, with shared toilet facilities. In Kathmandu and Pokhara, trekkers stay in 3-star hotels with breakfast included.
Q: Are there flights involved in this trek?
A: Yes. The itinerary includes scenic flights between Pokhara and Jomsom, offering stunning views of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges. Alternatively, private vehicle transfers can be arranged if preferred.
Q: What should I pack for the trek?
A: Pack warm clothing for cold mornings and evenings, lightweight trekking gear, sun protection, a refillable water bottle, basic toiletries, and any essential personal items.
Q: Is altitude sickness a concern on this trek?
A: While the altitude is relatively moderate (maximum around 4,000m), altitude sickness can still occur. Trekkers should acclimatize properly, stay hydrated, and inform the guide immediately if symptoms appear.
Q: Can I do this trek solo?
A: No. Due to its restricted status, solo trekking is not allowed in Upper Mustang. You must trek with a licensed guide and a registered trekking agency such as NepaL Treks and Tour, and the group must include at least two trekkers.
Q: What makes Upper Mustang different from other treks in Nepal?
A: Upper Mustang is culturally and geographically distinct. It offers a glimpse into an ancient Tibetan civilization, untouched landscapes, centuries-old monasteries, and desert terrain, setting it apart from the lush greenery and high passes of other Himalayan treks.
All foreign travelers (except Indian nationals) must obtain a Nepal Tourist Visa to enter the country. Visas can be obtained on arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu or in advance from a Nepali embassy or consulate. The most common visa durations are 15, 30, or 90 days, with fees of USD 30, 50, and 125 respectively. A valid passport (with at least 6 months of validity) and a passport-sized photo are required. Online visa pre-application is also available for convenience.
Comprehensive travel insurance is mandatory for the Upper Mustang Trek. It should cover emergency evacuation, medical treatment, trip cancellation, loss of baggage, and flight delays. Since the trek reaches high altitudes and remote locations, ensure your insurance policy includes high-altitude trekking coverage (up to 4,500 meters).
The Upper Mustang Trek is graded as moderate, suitable for anyone with a good level of fitness. No prior trekking experience is required, but it’s beneficial to have some hiking practice. Regular cardiovascular exercise, walking, and stair climbing prior to the trip can greatly enhance your endurance. Consultation with a physician is recommended for anyone with pre-existing health conditions.
Upper Mustang lies in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges, making it one of the few treks in Nepal suitable during the monsoon (June to August). The best seasons are spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is dry, stable, and visibility is at its best. Winters (December to February) can be extremely cold with limited teahouse availability.
The trek ascends gradually to a maximum altitude of around 4,000 meters, minimizing the risk of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). While the altitude is not extremely high, proper acclimatization, hydration, and pacing are essential. Your guide will monitor your health throughout the trek and carry a basic medical kit.
Upper Mustang is deeply influenced by Tibetan Buddhist culture. Visitors are expected to respect local customs, dress modestly, and always walk clockwise around stupas and mani walls. Photography in monasteries should be done only with permission. Understanding basic local etiquette enhances cultural connection and shows respect.
Tipping is a common practice in Nepal’s trekking industry. While not mandatory, it is highly appreciated as a gesture of gratitude. A general guideline is to tip USD 5–10 per day for guides and USD 3–7 per day for porters, depending on group size and satisfaction with the service.
The Upper Mustang Trek is considered safe and secure. It is led by professional guides trained in first aid and emergency response. The region is politically stable and peaceful. Trekkers are advised to follow the guide’s instructions, avoid isolated trails, and keep emergency contact information handy at all times.
The local currency is the Nepalese Rupee (NPR). ATMs are widely available in Kathmandu and Pokhara, but not in Upper Mustang, so it’s essential to carry enough cash for personal expenses. Exchange foreign currency at banks or licensed money exchange counters in major cities. Credit cards are rarely accepted in trekking regions.
The trek involves multiple modes of transport including:
Electricity is available in most teahouses along the route, though it may be unreliable in some remote areas. Charging electronic devices typically incurs a small fee. It’s advisable to bring a portable power bank and universal travel adapter to stay powered throughout the trek.
One of the most significant events in Upper Mustang is the Tiji Festival, celebrated in Lo Manthang during May. It features vibrant mask dances, ancient rituals, and deep spiritual meaning. National holidays in Nepal, such as Dashain and Tihar, may affect travel and logistics, so it’s important to check the festival calendar when planning your trip.
During the trek, you’ll be served three meals daily at teahouses—typically a choice of Nepali, Tibetan, Indian, and limited Western dishes. Dal Bhat (rice with lentil soup and vegetables) is a staple. In Kathmandu and Pokhara, a wide variety of restaurants and cafes are available. Safe drinking water is essential—use purified, boiled, or bottled water.
Flights to and from Jomsom are weather-dependent and may be delayed or canceled due to wind or poor visibility. In such cases, alternative arrangements will be made, but flexibility is important. Nepal Treks and Tour maintains transparent cancellation policies and will assist with rescheduling or refunds as applicable.
Nepali is the official language, but most guides and teahouse staff speak basic English. In the Mustang region, the local dialect has strong Tibetan influence. Mobile coverage is limited beyond Jomsom, and internet is available only in some teahouses. Enjoy the opportunity to disconnect and immerse yourself in the natural and cultural surroundings.
Provide a detailed recommended packing list, including layered clothing, trekking boots, sun protection, personal toiletries, first-aid essentials, and gear such as sleeping bags (if not provided). This helps trekkers prepare adequately for Mustang’s dry and sometimes windy terrain.
Explain safe drinking water practices, such as using boiled water, water purification tablets, or UV filters. Emphasize the importance of staying hydrated, especially in the high-altitude, arid environment.
Detail the role of guides and porters, their responsibilities, and how they enhance safety, logistics, and local insight. Mention weight limits for porters (usually 10–12 kg per trekker) and encourage ethical trekking practices.
Inform trekkers that mobile networks are limited beyond Jomsom and that Wi-Fi, if available, may be slow and expensive. Recommend disconnecting and enjoying the cultural and natural surroundings.
Encourage eco-friendly trekking by promoting the use of refillable bottles, minimizing plastic waste, respecting local customs, and supporting locally-owned teahouses and communities.
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Mesmerizing Himalayan Wilderness -
Aug 7, 2025Review by-Ethan ScottThe barren beauty of Upper Mustang is mesmerizing and surreal. Every day offered dramatic mountain views and ancient caves. Nepal Treks and Tour’s planning made the journey smooth and scenic. I felt like I was exploring a lost world. A truly unforgettable trek.
Raw Beauty and Ancient Trails -
Aug 7, 2025Review by-Noah BennettTrekking through Upper Mustang felt like stepping back in time. The rocky cliffs, caves, and ancient villages were captivating. Nepal Treks and Tour provided amazing insight into the region’s unique charm. The stark beauty and open skies were unforgettable. A journey I will always treasure.
A Stunning Desert in the Himalayas -
Aug 7, 2025Review by-Ava HarrisonThe Upper Mustang’s landscapes are unlike anywhere else in Nepal. The barren desert terrain framed by snow-capped peaks is breathtaking. Nepal Treks and Tour expertly planned our route for the best views. The colors and formations here felt surreal and magical. Truly a one-of-a-kind trekking experience.